重访“作业”:劳动教育视域下杜威课程理论与实践的当代启示*

教育科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 37-44.

重访“作业”:劳动教育视域下杜威课程理论与实践的当代启示^*

王文智¹, 刘正伟²

1.上海师范大学教育学院, 上海 200234
2.浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州 310058

出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2024-01-04
作者简介:王文智(1986- ),男,辽宁大连人,上海师范大学教育学院副教授,博士,主要从事课程理论与课程史、教学设计、教育话语分析研究;|刘正伟(1966- ),男,江苏淮安人,浙江大学教育学院教授,博士,主要从事课程史、教科书、学科课程与教学、语文教育等研究。
基金资助:
*2021年国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“学生减负话语的演变研究”(21FJKB006)

Revisiting “Occupations”:Contemporary Enlightenment of Dewey’s Curriculum Theory and Practice from the Perspective of Labor Education

Wang Wenzhi¹, Liu Zhengwei²

1. College of Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China
2. College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058,China

Online:2023-09-20 Published:2024-01-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在杜威的课程理论和实践中居于核心位置的“作业”有着丰富的劳动意涵,杜威希望通过“作业”改变学校教育与生产劳动相分离的境况,在他的学校课程构造中为劳动教育创造了广阔的空间。在“作业”内容的选择上,杜威注重满足族群基本需求的社会劳动;在“作业”内容的组织上,他又注重以同“文化纪元论”相似的方式展现劳动在不同生产力条件下的形态和意义。同样是在学校课程中纳入劳动作业,杜威的探索与同时期的“手工训练”和“儿童研究”两大运动相比,更能突出劳动作业的社会价值,以深度嵌入社会历史情境的方式呈现劳动所蕴含的社会关系。杜威的课程理论与实践,为解决如何凸显劳动教育的思想性和社会性以及如何充分发挥传统劳动的育人价值等问题提供了有益启示。

关键词: 约翰·杜威, 劳动教育, 主动作业, 课程理论, 课程史

Abstract:

“Occupations”,which are at the core of Dewey’s curriculum theory and practice,has rich implications with labor. Dewey hoped to change the situation that school education was separated from productive labor through “Occupations”,creating a vast space for labor education in his curriculum structure. In terms of the selection of curriculum experience,Dewey focused on social labor that meets the basic needs of ethnic groups. In terms of organization,he presented the form and significance of labor under different productivity conditions in a similar way to the cultural epoch theory. Also incorporating labor homework into school curriculum,Dewey’s exploration highlighted the social value of labor homework more than the two major movements of “manual training” and “child studies” at the same time,and showed how social relations connected by labor are deeply embedded in social and historical situations. Dewey’s curriculum theory and practice provided useful inspiration for solving problems such as how to highlight the ideological and social nature of labor education,and how to give full play to the educational value of traditional labor.

Key words: John Dewey, labor education, active “occupation”, curriculum theory, curriculum history

中图分类号:

G40-015

王文智, 刘正伟. 重访“作业”:劳动教育视域下杜威课程理论与实践的当代启示^*[J]. 教育科学, 2023, 39(5): 37-44.

Wang Wenzhi, Liu Zhengwei. Revisiting “Occupations”:Contemporary Enlightenment of Dewey’s Curriculum Theory and Practice from the Perspective of Labor Education[J]. Education Science, 2023, 39(5): 37-44.

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