教育科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 1-9.

• 教科书研究 •    下一篇

新中国教科书多样化探索之路及未来展望*

石鸥, 张美静   

  1. 首都师范大学 教育学院,北京 100048
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-20 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-08-26
  • 作者简介:石鸥(1956- ),男,湖南新宁人,首都师范大学教育学院教授、中国基础教育教材研究院院长,博士生导师,主要从事课程教学理论、教科书研究。|张美静(1991- ),女,山东德州人,首都师范大学教育学院博士生,主要从事课程教学理论研究。
  • 基金资助:
    *国家社会科学基金2017年度一般课题“百年中小学语文课本与文学作品社会接受的关系研究”(17BZW168)

The Diversified Exploration of Textbooks in New China and Its Future Trend

Shi Ou, Zhang Meijing   

  1. College of Education, Captial Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
  • Received:2020-03-20 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-08-26

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摘要：

回眸教科书70年的发展史,教科书多样化时期明显要长于统编通用时期。新中国成立年来,教科书经历了两次多样化与统编通用的反复,首先从解放初期不得已的多样化走向第一次统编通用;然后进入放权探索的第二次多样化,再进入恢复调整的第二次准统编通用阶段。1966-1977年,教科书进入无序的多样化阶段,1978年起,教科书短暂回归统编通用。随着改革开放的推进,教科书进入长时段的多样化时期,20世纪80-90年代,基本上是顶层设计的多样化阶段,21世纪基本上是需求导向的多样化阶段。2017年出现“三科”统编通用和其他学科教科书多样化并存的局面。可见,新中国成立以来,我国主管部门总体上是在教科书多样化探索的道路上前行,大多数时期是教科书多样化,合并起来多样化时间达55年左右,真正意义的教科书统编通用的时间加起来一共不到15年。未来,教科书多样化仍然是大势所趋,我们将面对的根本不是要不要教科书多样化的问题,而是要什么样的教科书多样化的问题。

关键词: 教科书, 多样化, 统编通用

Abstract:

Looking back on the 70 years development of textbooks, it is found that the period of textbook diversification is obviously longer than the period of unified compilation and nationwide usage.Since the founding of the New China, textbooks have gone through two iterations of diversification and unification. First of all, from the early liberation of diversification to the first unification and general; then it enters the second diversification of decentralization exploration and then enters the second quasi-uniform general stage of restoration and adjustment.From 1966 to 1977, textbooks entered the stage of disordered diversification, and from 1978, textbooks briefly returned to the general use of unified compilation.With the advance of reform and opening up, textbooks have entered a long period of diversification.The 1980s and 1990s were basically the diversification phase of top-level design, while the 21st century was basically the diversification phase of demand-oriented design.In 2017, the unified compilation of the “three subjects” and the diversification of textbooks of other subjects emerged.It can be seen that since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the competent authorities in China have generally moved forward on the road of exploring the diversification of textbooks. In most periods, the diversification of textbooks has lasted for about 55 years, and the period of unification and common use of textbooks in the real sense is less than 15 years.In the future, the diversification of textbooks will continue to be the trend, and what we will face is not the diversity of textbooks at all, but the diversity of textbooks.

Key words: textbook, diversification, unified compilation and nationwide usage

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