教育科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 38-45.

• 义务教育研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

租购同权:缓解义务教育供给侧矛盾的“药方”*

黄明东1,2, 黄炳超1, 刘婷3   

  1. 1.武汉大学 教育科学研究院,湖北 武汉430072
    2.武汉大学 教育法学研究中心,湖北 武汉430072
    3.河南理工大学 资源环境学院,河南 焦作,454003
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-13 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2021-04-01
  • 作者简介:黄明东(1964-),男,安徽舒城人,武汉大学教育科学研究院教授、教育法学研究中心主任,博士生导师,主要从事教育政策、教育法学研究;|黄炳超(1984-),男,广东清远人,武汉大学教育科学研究院博士生,主要从事教育政策、高等教育管理研究;|刘婷 (1987-) ,女,河南焦作人,河南理工大学资源环境学院讲师,主要从事教育管理、教育政策研究。
  • 基金资助:
    *湖北省教育科学规划2018年度重大招标课题“我国教育宏观政策管理若干重大问题研究”(2018ZDZB01)

Equal Right to Rent and Purchase: The “Prescription” to Alleviate the Contradiction on the Supply Side of Compulsory Education

Huang Mingdong1,2, Huang Bingchao1, Liu Ting3   

  1. 1. Education Institute of Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan Hubei 430072,China
    2. Education Law Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan Hubei 430072,China
    3. Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo Henan 454003,China
  • Received:2020-04-13 Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-04-01

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摘要：

充足的教育资源供给是办好人民满意的教育的重要前提。然而,现实中的教育资源供给还不能满足人民对优质教育的多元化需求,呈现出一定的结构性矛盾。在我国脱贫攻坚的决胜阶段,进一步提高全国义务教育巩固率,是解决义务教育不平衡不充分发展“最后一公里”问题的关键。《义务教育法》规定地方政府要为适龄儿童提供平等接受义务教育的条件,然而现实中各地义务教育资源供给难以平衡。为了舒缓教育资源供给结构性矛盾,“租购同权”政策被正式提出,旨在通过政策引领来实现义务教育的均衡发展。从理论来看:公共性是“租购同权”政策的公平逻辑,体现了政策主体的公共表达、政策客体的公共效用、政策手段的公益导向;法理性是“租购同权”政策的法治逻辑,在这个逻辑中,“平等”是法理基础、“正义”是法理原则、“程序”是法理规范。“租购同权”政策通过调节规范住房租赁,能够推进公共服务权益均等化、有效缓解随迁适龄儿童只能在户籍所在地就近入学的义务教育供给侧结构性矛盾,对全国各地因地制宜制定促进义务教育公平发展的政策具有理论和现实价值。

关键词: 租购同权, 义务教育, 供给侧改革, 教育政策, 依法治教

Abstract:

An adequate supply of educational resources is an important prerequisite to realized people satisfying education. However, in reality, the supply of educational resources can not meet the people's diversified demands for high-quality education and shows certain structural contradictions. In the decisive stage of poverty alleviation in China, further improving the retention rate of compulsory education is the key to solve the “last mile” problem of unbalanced and inadequate development of compulsory education. “The Compulsory Education Law” stipulates that local governments should provide equal conditions for school-age children to receive compulsory education. However, in reality, the supply of compulsory education resources in different places is difficult to balance. Thus, to relieve the structural contradiction in the supply of educational resources, the policy of “Equal Right to Rent and Purchase” was formally put forward, aiming to realize the balanced development of compulsory education through policy guidance. From the theoretical point of view, publicity is the fair logic of the policy of “Equal Right to Rent and Purchase”, which reflects the public expression of the policy subject, the public utility of the policy object, and the public welfare orientation of the policy means. The legal reason is the legal logic of the policy of “Equal Right to Rent and Purchase”, in which “Equality” is the legal basis, “Justice” is the legal principle, and “Procedure” is the legal norm. “Equal Right to Rent and Purchase” policy, by adjusting the standard housing lease, can promote the equal rights of public service, can effectively ease the school-age children in census register seat only compulsory education side of the entrance to the nearest structural contradictions, and can be theoretical and practical valuable for making policies to promote the fair development of compulsory education following local conditions around the country.

Key words: equal right to rent and purchase, compulsory education, supply-side reform, education policy, law-based educational governance

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