教育科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.

• 教育强国建设专题研究 •    下一篇

学科结构科研效能的国际比较与中国路径*

刘宝存1, 赵婷2   

  1. 1 北京师范大学 国际与比较教育研究院, 北京 100875
    2 北京大学 教育学院, 北京 100871
  • 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 赵婷(1991- ),女,山西太原人,北京大学教育学院博士后,本文主要从事比较教育研究。
  • 作者简介:刘宝存(1964- ),男,山东菏泽人,北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院教授,博士生导师,主要从事比较教育研究。
  • 基金资助:
    *2025年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划青年基金项目“南南教育科研合作中的中国贡献力评价及提升策略研究”(25YZC880127)

International Comparison of the Research Effectiveness of Disciplinary Structure and China’s Path

Liu Baocun1, Zhao Ting2   

  1. 1 Institute of International and Comparative Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    2 Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-05-18

摘要:

世界科学中心的形成、发展和转移与其学科结构密切相关。本研究基于InCites数据库,构建“学科结构科研效能测度框架”,选取中国、美国、德国、英国、印度、意大利、日本、印度尼西亚、巴西、南非等10国在2012—2022年各学科的科研产出数据,分别从学科结构的均衡性、支撑性、交叉性与开放性四个维度,系统分析各国学科结构的整体发展特征与类型差异。研究发现,各国学科结构的布局理念与发展阶段存在深层分化;各国学科结构在知识生产质量水平、知识应用转化水平与知识领域覆盖水平等方面存在梯度差异;各国学科结构在知识融合与跨学科研究方面具有层级区别;各国学科结构在开放合作方面具有多样特征。基于结果分析,本研究提出提升我国学科结构科研效能的路径建议,包括增强学科间科研产出的均衡性、强化学科间科研成果的支撑性、提升学科间科研领域的交叉性、拓展学科间科研合作的开放性,以助力我国成为世界主要科学中心与创新高地。

关键词: 学科结构, 科研效能, 世界科学中心, 国际比较

Abstract:

The formation, development, and transition of world science centers are closely linked to their disciplinary structures. Based on the InCites database, this study constructs a “Disciplinary Structure and Research Effectiveness Measurement Framework” and analyzes research output data from various disciplines of 10 countries-China, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, India, Italy, Japan, Indonesia, Brazil, and South Africa-from 2012 to 2022. The analysis examines the overall development characteristics and typological differences in the disciplinary structure of each country from four dimensions: balance, support, interdisciplinarity, and openness. The findings reveal that there are deep divisions in the conceptual layout and developmental stages of disciplinary structures across countries; significant differences in knowledge production quality, knowledge application and transformation, and knowledge field coverage; variations in knowledge integration and interdisciplinary research; and diverse characteristics in open cooperation. Based on these findings, the study proposes a set of strategic suggestions to enhance the research effectiveness of China's disciplinary structure, including improving the balance of research output across disciplines, strengthening the supportiveness of disciplinary research outcomes, advancing interdisciplinarity across research domains, and expanding openness in disciplinary research collaboration, so as to support China's development into a major world science center and innovation hub.

Key words: disciplinary structure, research effectiveness, world science center, international comparison

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