家园共育视角下幼儿自我控制多主体评定的比较研究*

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

家园共育过程中教师与家长经常在评定幼儿的表现上出现分歧,为了更好地探讨教师与父母评定的差异性,本文在同一自我控制概念下,编制了幼儿自我控制教师评定问卷、父母评定问卷和情境实验,对111名幼儿进行测量。结果显示,教师评定的自我延迟满足和冲动抑制性显著高于父母评定,父母评定的自觉性显著高于教师评定,两者评定的坚持性没有差异;教师评定与幼儿情境实验表现相关性更高。研究表明,为提高家园共育质量,要以科学研究为依据,充分理解幼儿行为的情境性,以教师的评估为基础进行有效沟通。

关键词: 家园共育, 自我控制, 幼儿, 教师评定, 父母评定

Abstract:

In the process of family-and-kindergarten co-education, teachers and parents often have differences in the evaluation of children's performance. To better explore the differences in the evaluation of teachers and parents, under the same concept of self-control, this paper developed a children's self-control teacher evaluation questionnaire, a parents' evaluation questionnaire, and a situational experiment to measure 111 children's self-control. The results showed that the self-delayed gratification and impulsivity inhibition rated by teachers were significantly higher than those rated by parents, and the conscientiousness rated by parents was significantly higher than that rated by teachers, and there was no difference in the persistence of the two ratings. The correlation between teacher rating and children's situational experiment performance is higher. Research shows that in order to improve the quality of home co-education, it is necessary to take scientific research as the basis, fully understand the situational nature of children's behavior, and effectively communicate based on teachers' evaluation.

Key words: family-and-kindergarten co-education, self-control, preschool children, teachers' assessment, parents' assessment

中图分类号:

G459

沈悦. 家园共育视角下幼儿自我控制多主体评定的比较研究^*[J]. 教育科学, 2021, 37(1): 76-82.

Shen Yue. A Comparative Study of Multi-Subjects Evaluation on Preschool Children's Self-Control from the Perspective of Family-and-Kindergarten Co-Education[J]. Education Science, 2021, 37(1): 76-82.

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计分	计分标准	非坚持性行为表现
5	累计拼图10分钟	打扰周边同伴;谈论与拼图无关的话题;找老师或同伴帮忙;下地走动;静坐;进行与拼图无关的游戏;自行放弃,如告诉老师“太难了,我不拼了”
4	累计拼图6—8分钟
3	累计拼图4—6分钟
2	累计拼图2—4分钟
1	累计拼图0—2分钟

计分	具体表现
5	(1)5分钟内没有玩过玩具 (2)仅有5次以内的玩具指向行为,但能保持安静,或有制止他人行为
4	(1)5分钟内没有玩过玩具 (2)仅有5次以内触碰玩具,但能保持安静,或有制止他人行为
3	(1)5分钟内没有玩过玩具 (2)有5次以上触碰玩具行为,大声喧哗或走动
2	(1)5分钟内玩玩具 (2)保持安静,活动不剧烈
1	(1)5分钟内玩玩具 (2)始终大声喧哗或走动

自我控制维度	评定主体	M	SD	r	t
冲动抑制性	教师评定	3.248	0.577	0.239^*	3.791^***
冲动抑制性	父母评定	2.995	0.563
自我延迟满足	教师评定	3.746	0.637	0.252^**	4.675^***
自我延迟满足	父母评定	3.372	0.733
坚持性	教师评定	3.215	0.636	0.330^***	-0.477
坚持性	父母评定	3.247	0.584
自觉性	教师评定	3.166	0.761	0.313^***	-3.458^**
自觉性	父母评定	3.429	0.580

自我控制特质	评定方法	教师评定	父母评定
坚持性	情境实验	0.739^**	0.246^**
冲动抑制性		0.740^**	0.247^**
自我延迟满足		0.658^**	0.136
自觉性		0.713^**	0.262^**

自我控制特质	评定方法	教师评定 (z₁)	父母评定 (z₂)	Δz	z
坚持性	情境实验	0.950	0.250	0.700	4.90^**
冲动抑制性		0.950	0.250	0.700	4.90^**
自觉性		0.887	0.266	0.621	4.34^**