教育科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 68-75.

• 教师教育研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

留任还是流动:特岗教师的稳定性类型研究*——基于潜在剖面分析

李静美, 邬志辉   

  1. 东北师范大学 中国农村教育发展研究院, 吉林 长春 130024
  • 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-05-19
  • 作者简介:李静美(1989- ),女,河北邯郸人,教育部人文社科重点研究基地东北师范大学中国农村教育发展研究院副教授,博士生导师,主要从事农村教育研究;
    邬志辉(1966-),男,黑龙江鸡东人,教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地东北师范大学中国农村教育发展研究院院长,教授,博士生导师,主要从事农村教育研究。
  • 基金资助:
    *2025年度国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题“基于教育实验的农村学校教育质量提升路径研究”(CHA250292)

“Retention or Turnover”: A Typological Study on the Stability of Special Post Teachers

Li Jingmei, Wu Zhihui   

  1. China Institute of Rural Education Development, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
  • Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-05-19

摘要:

基于我国8省区2 082名特岗教师的调查数据,采用潜在剖面分析方法对特岗教师的稳定性类型进行探讨。研究发现:当前特岗教师的稳定性总体处于中等水平,有待进一步提升;依据正向留任意愿和负向流动可能两个维度,特岗教师可分为坚守扎根型(29.49%)、留流矛盾型(17.15%)、观望徘徊型(38.86%)和潜在流动型(14.50%)四个稳定类型;年龄、父母住地与任教学校的相近程度、学历等人口特征对特岗教师的稳定性类型有显著影响,年龄越小的教师、非本地教师以及本科及以上学历教师更容易进入后三种类型。应进一步重视特岗教师的稳定性,重点关注留流矛盾型、观望徘徊型两类教师;并依据特岗教师个体特征,提供有针对性的支持,以此增强其稳定性。

关键词: 特岗教师, 稳定性, 正向留任意愿, 负向流动可能, 潜在剖面分析

Abstract:

Drawing on survey data from 2,082 special post teachers across eight provinces in China, this study employslatent profile analysis to examine typologies of stability among special post teachers. The results show that overall stability is at a moderate level and requires further improvement. Based on two dimensions—positive retention willingness and negative turnover possibility—four stability types are identified: committed stayers (29.49%), conflicted stay-leave (17.15%), hesitant observers (38.86%), and potential leavers (14.50%). Demographic characteristics, including age, proximity between parents’ residence and the school location, and educational attainment, have significant effects on stability types. Younger teachers, non-local teachers, and those with a bachelor’s degree or above are more likely to fall into the latter three categories. These findings suggest the need to place greater emphasis on the stability of special post teachers, with particular attention to the conflicted stay-leave and hesitant observer groups. Targeted support tailored to individual characteristics should be provided to enhance their stability.

Key words: special post teachers, stability, positive retention willingness, negative turnover possibility, latent profile analysis

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