教育科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 83-89.

• 比较教育研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

技术工人战略:德国技术工人可持续供给的政策方略与行动路径*

李梦卿, 付明茹   

  1. 天津职业技术师范大学 职业教育教师研究院,天津 300222
  • 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-04-08
  • 作者简介:李梦卿(1969- ),男,安徽滁州人,天津职业技术师范大学职业教育教师研究院教授,博士生导师,主要从事职业教育研究;
    付明茹(2000- ),女,吉林白城人,天津职业技术师范大学职业教育教师研究院科研助理,主要从事职业教育研究。
  • 基金资助:
    *2024年度国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“职业教育市域产教联合体运行逻辑与监测评估机制研究”(BJA240162)

Skilled Workers Strategy:Policy Approaches and Action Pathways for Sustainable Supply of Skilled Workers in Germany

Li Mengqing, Fu Mingru   

  1. Institute of Vocational Education Teachers,Tianjin University of Technology and Education,Tianjin 300222,China
  • Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-04-08

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摘要：

为应对人口老龄化问题凸显、数字化进程加快等结构性变化给德国劳动力市场带来的技术工人短缺难题,2022年10月12日德国发布了《联邦政府的技术工人战略》(以下简称《战略》)。《战略》以确保技术工人可持续供给为核心目标,提出要强化系统施策,创新体制机制,提升适配性效能,保障弱势群体公平就业,彰显以人为本的基本理念。《战略》建立了相应的支持框架,得到来自企业、行业和社会合作伙伴等各方主体的积极参与和配合。《战略》提出要完善职业教育与培训体系,支持对技术工人进行有针对性的继续教育,提高现有劳动力的就业潜力及劳动参与率,为技术工人创设良好的工作条件和健康的工作文化,保障技术移民的权益并增强国际移徙吸引力。该《战略》的政策框架对我国提高职业教育质量,完善职业培训体系,促进制造业的战略性发展具有积极的参考意义。

关键词: 德国, 职业教育, 技术工人战略

Abstract:

To address the shortage of skilled workers in Germany caused by structural changes such as population aging and accelerated digitalization,the German government released the Federal Government’s Skilled Workers Strategy (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy) on October 12,2022. The Strategy aims to ensure the sustainable supply of skilled workers,emphasizing systematic policy implementation, institutional innovation,adaptability enhancement,and fair employment opportunities for disadvantaged groups,thereby highlight the basic concept of people-oriented. The Strategy establishes a support framework that actively engages businesses,industries,and social partners. The Strategy proposes to improve the vocational education and training system,support targeted continuing education for skilled workers,increase the employment potential and labor participation rate of the existing labor force,create good working conditions and a healthy work culture for skilled workers,protect the rights and interests of skilled immigrants and enhance the attractiveness of international migration. The policy framework of the Strategy has positive reference significance for my country to improve the quality of vocational education,improve the vocational training system,and promote the strategic development of the manufacturing industry.

Key words: Germany, vocational education, skilled worker strategy

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