美国特许学校授权机构的职责、类型与监督措施 *

教育科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 86-93.

• 比较教育研究 • 上一篇

美国特许学校授权机构的职责、类型与监督措施 ^*

孔令帅, 张佳

上海师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,上海200234

收稿日期:2019-11-10 出版日期:2019-11-15 发布日期:2020-08-17
作者简介:孔令帅(1980- ),男,浙江金华人,上海师范大学国际与比较教育研究院教授,博士生导师,上海市教育督导研究中心研究员,博士,主要从事比较教育研究;|张佳(1995- ),女,河南安阳人,上海师范大学国际与比较教育研究院硕士生,主要从事比较教育研究。
基金资助:
*国家社会科学基金(教育学)一般项目“国际组织教育政策价值取向研究”(BDA160021)

Duties, Types and Supervision of Charter School Accrediting Agencies in the United States

Kong Lingshuai, Zhang Jia

Institute of International and Comparative Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China

Received:2019-11-10 Online:2019-11-15 Published:2020-08-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

特许学校是美国公立学校的一部分,通过与授权机构签订合同(特许状)实施半自治式管理。授权机构对特许学校的审查建立、监督评估、更新关闭至关重要。美国有六大类型的授权机构,包括独立特许委员会(ICB)、州教育机构(SEA)、高等教育机构(HEI)、地方教育机构(LEA)、非教育类政府实体(NEG)和非营利组织(NPO),它们各有优缺点。各州在制定质量标准、规定学校报告、设定制裁措施等方面对授权机构进行了各具特色的监督问责。美国特许学校的授权与监督在美国公立学校发展中起到了重要作用,我国对不同样态的学校进行管理,可借鉴美国经验,引入多元化机制,制定针对不同类型学校特有的授权、监督和评估制度,促进我国不同样态学校的管理与基础教育的发展。

关键词: 美国, 特许学校, 授权机构, 公立学校, 学校管理

Abstract:

Charter schools are a part of public schools in the United States that operate semi-autonomously according to contracts (charters) with accrediting agencies. The accrediting agencies are critical to the development of charter schools, and they are responsible for opening, evaluating and closing charter schools. Overall, there are six types of accrediting agency in the United States, including the Independent Charter Board, State Educational Authority, Higher Education Institutions, Local Educational Authority, Non-educational Government Entities, and Nonprofit Organizations. Each accrediting agency has its own strengths and weaknesses. Each state has its own supervision and accountability to the accrediting agencies through establishing quality standards, requiring school reports, and setting sanctions. The authorization and supervision of American charter schools play an important role in the development of American public schools. And it is suggested that China could draw lessons from American experience, including introducing diversified mechanism and specifying the special authorization, supervision and evaluation system for different types school, in order to promote the management of different types school and the development of elementary education in China.

Key words: the United States, charter school, accrediting agency, public school, school management

中图分类号:

G512.71

孔令帅, 张佳. 美国特许学校授权机构的职责、类型与监督措施 ^*[J]. 教育科学, 2019, 35(6): 86-93.

Kong Lingshuai, Zhang Jia. Duties, Types and Supervision of Charter School Accrediting Agencies in the United States[J]. Education Science, 2019, 35(6): 86-93.

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美国特许学校授权机构的职责、类型与监督措施 ^*

Duties, Types and Supervision of Charter School Accrediting Agencies in the United States

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