教育科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 22-30.

• 课程与教学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

义务教育阶段体育课程实施的问题、成因与对策*

毛玮洁, 崔允漷   

  1. 华东师范大学 课程与教学研究所,上海 200062
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-05 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-05-18
  • 作者简介:毛玮洁(1994- ),女,浙江宁波人,华东师范大学课程与教学研究所博士生,主要从事课程与教学理论研究;|崔允漷(1963- ),男,浙江台州人,华东师范大学课程与教学研究所教授,博士生导师,主要从事课程与教学理论研究。
  • 基金资助:
    *教育部哲学社会科学2016年度重大课题攻关项目“中小学课程实施过程质量监测”(16JZD047)

The Implementation of Physical Education Curriculum in Compulsory Education: Problems, Causes, and Countermeasures

Mao Weijie, Cui Yunhuo   

  1. Institute of Curriculum and Instruction, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Received:2020-01-05 Online:2021-03-15 Published:2021-05-18

摘要:

自上而下看体育课时落实情况,我国义务教育阶段的体育课程实施仍存在以下问题:首先,在国家到地方这一实施层级上,三分之一省份课程计划规定的体育周课时比例低于国家要求的下限,主要原因在于课程方案的课时分配存在弹性空间而地方权力边界模糊。其次,在地方到学校这一实施层级上,体育课程“缺课时”现象普遍并随年级升高而加剧,而且中部地区的体育“缺课时”问题比东部和西部更突出,主要原因在于体育课程内容的刚性要求难以适应不同地区和学校的差异化需求,以及应试取向的社会压力压缩了体育课程的实施空间。对此,建议明确权力边界,建立省级课程方案的备案审查机制;改革体育课程评价制度,凸显体育课程育人价值;丰富体育课程内容,增强体育课程的选择性;建设“课程长制”与第三方监测平台,创新体育课程实施监督机制;保障体育师资与硬件设施,推进学校体育资源均衡配置。

关键词: 体育课程, 课程实施, 课程方案, 义务教育

Abstract:

From a top-down view, there are still problems in the implementation of the physical education (PE) curriculum in the compulsory education stage. First of all, from national to local level, the proportion of PE week class hours, stipulated in the curriculum plan, of one-third of the provinces, is lower than the lower limit required by the state, which is mainly due to the flexible space in the class hour allocation of the curriculum plan and the fuzzy boundary of local power. Second, in the implementation level from local to schools, the phenomenon of insufficient PE class hours is widespread and increased with grade, which is more prominent in the central region than the east and west region. The main reasons include both the rigid demand of the PE curriculum content is difficult to meet the various needs in different regions and schools, and the exam-oriented social pressure that has compressed the implementation space of physical education curriculum. Therefore, the following suggestions are made, including to define power boundary and establish provincial curriculum record review mechanism; to reform PE curriculum evaluation system and highlight the value of PE curriculum education; to enrich the content of PE curriculum and enhance its selectivity; to build a “curriculum supervisor” system and a third-party monitoring platform to establish an innovative supervision mechanism; to ensure the number of qualified PE teachers and sports equipment and optimize PE resource allocation.

Key words: physical education, curriculum implementation, curriculum plan, compulsory education

中图分类号: