教育科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 67-74.

• 基础教育研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2005-2015年中国义务教育均衡性的实证检验*——基于生均经费视角

李小球1, 李琼2   

  1. 1.湖南省教育科学研究院,湖南 长沙 410005
    2.吉首大学 商学院,湖南 吉首 416000
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-25 出版日期:2019-05-15 发布日期:2021-06-15
  • 作者简介:李小球(1968-),男,湖南省教科院教育发展研究所所长,副研究员, 硕士生导师,主要从事基础教育管理研究。|李琼(1972-),女,吉首大学商学院教授,博士生导师,主要从事教育经济与管理研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金“十二五”规划教育学一般课题“我国城镇新建中小学校发展研究”(BHA140089)

Empirical Test of the Equilibrium of Compulsory Education in China from 2005 to 2015

Li Xiaoqiu1, Li Qiong2   

  1. 1. Hunan Provincial Institute of Education and Science, Changsha Hunan 410005
    2. Jishou University Business School, Jishou Hunan 416000
  • Received:2019-03-25 Online:2019-05-15 Published:2021-06-15

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摘要：

实现义务教育均衡发展是优化教育资源配置、实现教育公平的重要途径。运用基尼系数和极差率等方法,从生均经费视角实证检验中国义务教育均衡性发展过程可以发现:我国义务教育的生均经费基尼系数呈现下降趋势;义务教育生均经费极差率持续减小;生均经费区域差异明显。为全面提高中国义务教育制质量,促进义务教育省际均衡发展,应坚持统筹区域协调发展理念,促进区域经济协调发展;推进义务教育生均经费财政投入主体上移,提高中央和省财政分担比例。

关键词: 义务教育, 均衡, 基尼系数, 极差率

Abstract:

An important approach of optimizing the allocation of educational resources and realizing education equity is to achieve the balanced development of compulsory education. Based on Gini coefficient and range analysis, This paper studies the balanced development process of compulsory education in China from the perspective of per-student educational expenditure both theoretically and empirically. The results of the study show there appears a downward trend on the Gini coefficient of the average annual expenditure for compulsory education with the range ratio of that decreasing continuously. Thus the regional differences in expenditure for compulsory education are quite obvious. In order to improve the education quality and promote a balanced development of compulsory education in China, the idea and practice of coordinating regional economy development should be employed consistently. Meanwhile, China has also increased in fiscal input into compulsory education, increasing the fiscal sharing of the central government and the local government.

Key words: compulsory education, balanced development, Gini coefficient, Range analysis