美国公立中小学教师短缺的基本现状与改进策略

教育科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 78-83.

美国公立中小学教师短缺的基本现状与改进策略

陈时见, 王远

西南大学教育学部,重庆 400715

收稿日期:2019-02-20 出版日期:2019-03-15 发布日期:2021-06-30
作者简介:陈时见(1964-),男,重庆梁平人,西南大学副校长,教育学部教授,博士生导师,主要从事比较教育研究;|王远(1990-),男,河南洛阳人,西南大学教育学部博士生,主要从事比较教育研究。

The Present Situation and Countermeasures of Teacher Shortages in American Public Primary and Secondary Schools

Chen Shijian, Wang Yuan

Faculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

Received:2019-02-20 Online:2019-03-15 Published:2021-06-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

美国公立中小学面临教师短缺的困境,教师供给无法满足教育的需要,表现出师生比下降,教师储备不足造成教师数量短缺,教师资源与学科、学校需求之间的结构性矛盾等现象。美国公立学校教师供需不平衡现象的出现是由于美国金融危机对教育的冲击、教师经济待遇下降、学龄人口规模扩大、教师流失等因素综合作用的结果。当前,美国正在通过拓宽教师供给渠道、改革教师薪酬制度、建立统一的教师劳动力市场等多种策略,以应对公立中小学教师短缺这一严重的现实问题。

关键词: 美国教育, 中小学教育, 教师短缺

Abstract:

American public primary and secondary schools are confronting with teacher shortages. The supply of teachers can’t meet the needs of educational requirement, which manifests as the decline of teacher-student ratio, insufficient teacher reserve and structural teacher shortages. The imbalance between supply and demand of teachers in public schools in the United States is due to the impact of the Great Recession, the decline of teachers’ income, the growth of school-age population, and the teacher attrition. The main bodies of education in the United States adopt a variety of ways to deal with teacher shortages, including expanding the supply paths of teachers, reforming teachers' compensation system, and facilitating a national labor market for teachers.

Key words: American education, elementary and secondary education, teacher shortages

中图分类号:

G515

陈时见, 王远. 美国公立中小学教师短缺的基本现状与改进策略[J]. 教育科学, 2019, 35(2): 78-83.

Chen Shijian, Wang Yuan. The Present Situation and Countermeasures of Teacher Shortages in American Public Primary and Secondary Schools[J]. Education Science, 2019, 35(2): 78-83.

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